@INPROCEEDINGS{GorniakAAAI,
  author = {Gorniak, P. and Poole, D.},
  title = {Predicting Future User Actions by Observing Unmodified Applications},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial
	Intelligence (AAAI 2000)},
  year = {2000},
  month = {August},
  abstract = {Intelligent user interfaces often rely on modified applications and
	detailed application models. Such modifications and models are expensive
	to build and maintain. We propose to automatically model the use
	of unmodified applications to solve this problem. We observe a user's
	interactions with the application's interface and from these observations
	infer a state space which the user navigates and the stochastic policy
	he or she follows. ONISI, the algorithm presented here, builds this
	state space implicitly and on-line, and uses it to predict future
	user actions. Trials with real users show that this algorithm predicts
	the next user action significantly better than another current algorithm.}
}